Changes to Stamp Duty Land Tax from April 2025

The Legal Ombudsman is committed to sharing learning and insights to help lead to better legal services, and to help legal providers improve their complaints handling. 

This article is the first in a new series of short Spotlight articles which will address a range of issues we see impacting customers and the legal sector. 

In this piece we look at upcoming changes to Stamp Duty taking effect in April 2025 – what they are, and how the Legal Ombudsman will consider complaints about service providers failing to complete prior to the deadline.

This article is intended to help service providers with their complaints handling in this area. It may also help customers to understand whether a complaint response from their service provider is in line with the approach the Legal Ombudsman would be likely to take.

Image of a house and keys depicting a property purchase

What is Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT) and when is it payable?

Property buyers pay SDLT if they buy a property or land over a certain price in England (there are different arrangements in Wales, which are not dealt with by this article as there are no changes to those arrangements, but you can find information here - Land Transaction Tax: introduction | GOV.WALES.

Buyers pay the tax when they:


1 April 2025 – changes to SDLT

From this April, some important changes to SDLT are coming to effect:

  • In a significant shift, the nil-rate SDLT threshold will be reduced from £250,000 to £125,000 from 1st April 2025. This means buyers will now start paying SDLT on purchases above £125,000 instead of the current £250,000 threshold.
  • From 1st April 2025, first-time buyers will pay no SDLT on the first £300,000 of a property priced up to £500,000. Beyond £300,000, SDLT will apply at standard rates up to the purchase price cap of £500,000. Any property purchased above £500,000 will not be eligible to benefit from the relief.

As a result of these changes more people will now pay SDLT.  And, as this is a significant liability, there will be a large number of house buyers trying to complete purchases before the changes come into effect.


Helping prevent complaints about issues arising from changes to SDLT thresholds

It is well known that buying your first home, or moving house, can be an exciting but stressful time. The 1 April deadline may increase the pressure to complete purchases and, for some, the risk of deals falling through.   

We have seen in the past how this can also result in an increase in complaints – both to service providers and to the Legal Ombudsman. 

Service providers can minimise the risk of complaints arising here by:

  • Making sure they have notified clients of the forthcoming changes and the likely impact on the transaction.
  • Providing SDLT figures for both options (completion before 1 April 2025, and completion after that date).
  • Keeping clients reasonably updated on progress and any factors that may impact their transaction, including third party delays.
  • Ensuring they have clearly advised purchasers of the risk that their transaction may not complete on time.
  • Making sure that clients are informed before exchange of the level of SDLT that they will be paying, to ensure they are making a fully informed decision to exchange.

Common complaints and issues

We are keen to share our insight to help service providers respond more effectively to complaints that do arise following changes to SDLT arrangements. 

The average (standard) residential property purchase currently takes between 12 and 16 weeks from offer to completion. However, there are many reasons transactions take longer. Therefore, it is likely that some purchasers will have instructed a firm on the basis they will not have to pay stamp duty and, due to delays in the transaction, will find themselves needing to pay SDLT.

Our previous experience of changes to SDLT arrangements is that it could lead to an increase in complaints to service providers and the Ombudsman. Whilst many purchasers will try to complete their transactions before the changes take effect, for some it will not be possible to complete in time. This may lead to complaints about how delays in conveyancing transactions have led to the payment of more SDLT than expected. 

It is very important that note that when looking at complaints about delay that the Legal Ombudsman would not hold service providers responsible for delays that they did not cause.

It is also possible that there will be a corresponding increase in complaints about communication and advice. Complaints here may focus on what the complainant was told about the likelihood of completion before 1 April 2025, and how they were kept informed of any changes to the position.

The Legal Ombudsman expects service providers to provide reasonable updates to any key changes that will impact a transaction, as well as responding promptly to requests for information.


Potential remedies for service failings

As stamp duty can be a significant amount of money, the financial implications of unexpectedly needing to find an additional, significant, sum can be very concerning to the purchaser. Many customers who complain in these circumstances hold the firm responsible for the fact they have incurred an additional tax liability.

However, in order to direct the additional tax as a remedy, the Legal Ombudsman would have to be satisfied that it is the service provider’s failing that led to the payment of the extra tax.  

Put simply, we would have to be satisfied that the purchase would have completed prior to 1 April 2025 had the service provider’s service been reasonable. This can be difficult in a conveyancing transaction, as there are a number of other parties involved – meaning that it can often be very difficult to conclude that any delays were solely the fault of the service provider.

Therefore, it is likely that, even where there are upheld complaints about delays and communication, remedies may be modest when compared to the additional SDLT a consumer has had to pay.


Good complaints handling

Despite providers’ best efforts, not all complaints can be prevented.

If complaints relating to the SDLT changes do arise, service providers should – as in any other area of law – remember the tenets of good complaints handling. 

Providers should:

  • Ensure that complaints are addressed in line with complaints procedures, in particular in terms of providing timely responses;
  • Address all of the issues of complaint;
  • Consider the tone of their response, and whether it is conducive to an early and positive resolution; and
  • Consider the impact of any identified service failing on the client and, if appropriate, propose a remedy to recognise that impact.

Some case study examples of complaints involving SDLT, and how the Legal Ombudsman approaches them, can be found below.


Case studies

SDLT - complaint resolved by guided negotiation

Background

Mr J was buying a freehold residential property with no chain for £300,000. He instructed his service provider on 1 January 2021, and initially the purchase ran smoothly. However, during April and May 2021 the seller’s solicitors were slow to respond to Mr J’s service provider’s enquiries. In particular, there was a need to obtain information about an extension that had been made to the property.  

When responses were received, they were not complete and the firm had to seek further information. As a result of the issues that arose, the purchase completed on 7 July 2021, this was after the SDLT threshold’s changed on 30 June 2021, and so Mr J paid SDLT on the £50,000 that was above the £250,000 threshold.

Mr J's complaints

Mr J complained to the service provider that they had caused delays resulting in the SDLT deadline of 30 June 2021 being missed. Mr J was also unhappy that the firm had not kept him informed about the risk he would not complete on time.

The service provider investigated the complaint and recognised that there was a small delay on their part and that their communication could have been better.  They issued a detailed final response, in line with the timescales set out in their complaints handling procedure.  However, they did not offer any remedy.

The Legal Ombudsman's view and approach

Mr J escalated his complaint to the Legal Ombudsman.  As the firm had accepted that there was a service failing, the case was reviewed and passed to the Early Resolution Team to consider a guided negotiation.

The review agreed with the service provider that there were some service failings and considered that there should be an impact payment paid to recognise the upset caused to Mr J.

However, the Early Resolution Team also explained that if the Legal Ombudsman was to investigate, no remedy in respect of the SDLT Mr J had paid would be directed. This was because the delays caused by the seller’s solicitor meant that it was not possible to say the purchase would have completed sooner had the service of Mr J’s own provider been reasonable.

The Legal Ombudsman proposed a remedy of £200. This was accepted by both Mr J and the service provider, and the case was closed as an early resolution.

SDLT - complaint resolved by final decision

Background

Mrs P was purchasing a residential property and wanted to simultaneously exchange and complete on 30 June 2021 to take advantage of the temporary nil rate SDLT band applying at that time.

However, the purchase did not complete until 12 July 2021, after the temporary nil rate band had ended, resulting in Mrs P paying more SDLT than she had expected

Mrs P's complaints

Mrs P complained that the service provider had told her that if they had the paperwork in good time, they could complete on 30 June 2021, before the temporary nil rate SDLT band ended. She felt that the firm’s communication and complaints handling had been poor.  Mrs P sought the payment of her SDLT as a remedy to her complaint.

The service provider did not provide any response to Mrs P’s complaint.

The Legal Ombudsman's view and approach

As the service provider did not respond to Mrs P’s complaint, this case progressed to a full investigation, and resulted in an Ombudsman’s decision.

The Legal Ombudsman investigated the matter and found that the service provider had only said they would try to complete the purchase on time, and that no guarantee of completion had been provided. The investigation also found that the firm did not have all of the relevant information it would have needed to possess in order to complete by 30 June 2021.

In view of this, and because the firm did not provide an assurance that it could complete, the Ombudsman decided that the firm’s service had been reasonable and did not direct a remedy related to the SDLT Mrs P had paid. However, the complaints and about communications and poor complaints handling were upheld, and a remedy of £250 was directed.

SDLT - reasonable offer made

Background

AB Property Co, a micro-enterprise, instructed a service provider in respect of the purchase of a buy-to-let property.

The service provider was instructed in April 2021, and as matters had not completed by 30 September 2021, AB Property Co withdrew from the transaction, as they would now be liable for SDLT.  This was because the point at which SDLT was payable returned to standard levels on 30 September 2021.

AB Property Co's complaints

AB Property Co complained to the service provider about poor communication and delay.  In particular AB Property Co complained that the firm were slow to raise queries with the other side, which caused delays in the transaction.

The service provider provided a detailed response and offered a remedy of £300 to acknowledge the impact of their service failings on AB Property Co.

The Legal Ombudsman's view and approach

AB Property Co were unhappy with the remedy offered, and escalated their complaint to the Legal Ombudsman.

As the service provider had offered a first-tier remedy, the case was passed to the Early Resolution Team for consideration. The service provider’s final response showed that by 24 September 2021 there was still information outstanding from the other side, and as such they were not in a position to complete by 30 September 2021.

The service provider accepted that there were some delays on their part.  But it was not possible to say with confidence that, had those delays not occurred, that the purchase would have completed sooner.  As a result, the Early Resolution Team felt that the service provider’s offer of £300 was reasonable in the circumstances, and the case was closed under Scheme Rule 5.7(c), without a full investigation.